Dangawa

CONTRIBUTION OF FULBE (DANGAWA) TO ISLAM (1771-2017) NASIR UMAR YANTUMAKI

PREAMBLE

It is difficult to say precisely which ethnic group first migrated to the area. Virtually it is generally accepted that (Maguzawa) were the first immigrants of the area; this is because nearly all the old settlements in area were founded by this group. By 15th century the great number of Fulani had begun to appear in Hausa land, the subsequent by the eighteen century the migrants Fulani infiltrated into villages and towns of Hausa state. In the case of Katsina emirate it said that twelve principals clan of Fulani scholars penetrated into the area and Yantumaki is among the places where these Fulani scholars settle.
Seventeen years before the Jihad of 1804 Fulani (Dangawa) settled in Yantumaki town, precisely the town was established in 1771 and had been continuously occupied by the Fulani (Dangawa). The Fulani migrated from Machina, west of Borno and moved into Kasar Katsina in group made up of twelve families. Among the lead clan were Dangawa, Jobawa who have traced their movement through Bebeji, and Gogori in western Kano and then to Tafashiya in central Katsina. While some of the families had decide to settle in Ingawa, while some of the families under Marori moved North and settled at a town near present side of Kafin Dangi in the year1768. The large and more pastoralist groups moved away to west where they had finally settled at Yantumaki, along the banks of Bunsuru River which is a well weathered area with good grazing land.
In the early inception the town was originally called “Danmaitumki” until it was change there by corrupting the former name. There was also one ancient well in the town and two group dye pits, and also the fortification of the town was done during the war period, the wall was full of loop-holes, with the maximum height of 1.5m and maximum depth of moats 1.0m. The wall was also had a gate on each side, these were (Kofar Danhure) or south gate, (Kofar Arewa) or North gate, (Kofar Gabas) or Eastern gate, and (Kofar Yamma) which popularly called (Kofar Fada). These entrance gates were only open in the period when there was no war.

THE ROLE OF FULANI (DANGAWA) TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF QUR’ANIC EDUCATION DANMUSA LOCAL GOVERNMENT

Immediately after the settlement of Fulani scholars in the area they build mosque in Kofar Fada, in after five daily prayer they used to learn the Holy Qur’an in it, and also taught their children the holy Qur’an in short the mosque served as learning centre, after five daily prayers, before later some Qur’anic schools were established.
Umaru Bangon Addini Qur’anic school (1884), it served as primary and advance level.
Malam Manu (1890,) it served as primary and advance level
Malam Mamman Mijin Dantaro Qur’anic school (1934), which served as primary level, after completing it, the student will moved to Makarantun Ilmi which was the mosque, to learn other books. It is now a day depopulated
Alhaji malam Garbu serve as Qur’anic primary school and advance level, (1944). It was depopulated
Alhaji malam Sada Qur’anic primary school (1946).
However, the effort of Fulbe scholars (Dangawa) who migrated from Yantumaki to Niger (Mina) has lead the establishment of Qur’anic schools in Auchi, Agbede, and Ugpelle where Muslims were taught al- Qur’an. This achievement is further strengthentened by the activities of Muslim organization in the area, and progressed is daily being witnessed in the area of Islamisation.

THE ROLE OF FULBE (DANGAWA) TO 1804

In 1804 the Fulani Jihad was started and it was lead by Sheik Usman bn Fodio. Immediately the news of the Jihad broke out, the Fulani from various locations in Hausa land and Borno rushed to pay their allegiance to Shehu and received flag from him. The flag was sort of permission by which Fulani leaders were mandated by Shehu to and waged Jihad in their areas.
In Katsina emirate scholars from some leading Fulani clans went to Shehu in order to received flag; they includes Malam Ummarun Dallaji, Malam Ummaru Dumyawa, Malam Dauda bn Yusuf of the Dangawa clan based at Yantumaki, had been student in the Tsangaya (Qur’anic school) of Shehu Usman. As such they were familiar with the area and this experience became great asset to them later. They were given one flag and were ask by Shehu to cooperate for building strong and united Islamic Emirate!
According some traditions Ummarun Dallaji and other flag recipient were instructed to go to Yantumaki, first before proceeding to their areas, following the instructions given to them, the strategies of the Jihad campaigns were planned and organized in Yantumaki. It was also in Yantumaki that these Mujahidun committed them to the establishment of Islamic political authority in Katsina. However Yusuf Bala Usman in his book titled “Transformation of Katsina” clearly stated that Yantumaki served as important base for the (Jam’a) community under Ummarun Dallaji in the early phase of the wars.
Indeed it is clearly stated that Fulani scholars play a significant role in the Jihad, like Dangawa of Yantumaki and Dallazawa.
The Yantumaki jihad campaigns were carried out in two phases. First phase, the jihad was started about the middle of 1805. The Jama’a lead by Dangi Dauda launched several expedition from Yantumaki and this were aimed at places where could be rallied. And by the Bazara of 1806 the settlement of Dangani, Papu, Dugul, Gyaza, and Matazu allaround the river Bunsuru-Karaduwa confluence were brought to the side of the Jama’a.
The second phase of fulbe (Dangawa) jihad campain was started in the early 1806 was started to weaken the central government strong like, Runka, Kankia, and Kusada. Dangi Dauda personally commanded the expedition against the town of Runka in 1806. By the end of 1806 most of Habe Garuruwa that proved so difficult to conquer, like Matazu, and Runka came under the control of the Jama’a.
Before the final conquest of Birnin Katsina in 1807, one of the leading mujahidun Muhammadu na-Alhaji died. The death of na-Alhaji created leadership crises between the Mujahidun, Dangi Dauda of Yantumaki, who was next in term of seniority expected to lead the Jama’a, thus taking the position of Muhammadu na-Alhaji. There was a sort of power struggle between Dangi Dauda and Muhammadu Dikko son of na-Alhaji, these struggle crises was about to tarnish the image of the jama’a, there were paving way to Habe to come back in to power.
But matter was resolve by making the son of na-Alhaji the new commander of the Jama’a contingents.
After the attack of Birnin Katsina in 1807, the Habe Sarki Muhammad Marewa fled to the border town of Dankama.
This marked the end of Habe ruled in Katsina, the seat of Jama’a moved to the Birnin Katsina. Ummarun Dallaji as senior officer occupied place, while Ummarun Dumyawa and Dikko occupied house at Kofar Guga and Kofar Yandaka respectively. But Dangi Dauda of Yantumaki who preferred pastoral life to the sophisticated urban life refused to stay in Birni and went back to his base at Yantumaki.
However, Dangi was allowed to occupy substantial territories in central and part of southern Katsina. But the appointment or removing of Dangi from office initially comes from Sokoto.
The position of Yantumaki as a frontier town which could be used for defensive purpose against the Tawaye and the position of Dangi Dauda and the role he played in the Jihad made it necessary for any one aspring to became the emir of Katsina seek support and cooperation of Dangi.
After the jihad Yantumaki became semi independent district considering the role it played in the Jihad, in which it serve as the base for the Jama’a community under Dangi Dauda.

THETERRITORIES UNDER FULBE (DANGAWA) IN AND OUT SITE DANMUSA LOCAL GOVERNMENT INCLUDES;

Yantumaki district head Danmusa local government
Yantumaki village head Danmusa local government
Yardanko village head Danmusa local government
Sabon Garin Dungaza village head Danmusa local government
Maidabino village head Danmusa local government
Dandire village head Danmusa local government
Dangeza village head Danmusa local government
Marar Katsinawa village head Danmusa local government
Dan Alkima village head Danmusa local government
Katsira village head Danmusa local government
Fanga village head Kankia local government
Kafin Dangi village head Kankia local government
Yankwani village head Bakori local government
Tamarke village head Bakori local government
Sandada village head Bakori local government
Gazare village head Bakori local government
Rogo village head Kano state
Kagarko Emir Kaduna state
Keffi Emir Nasarawa state
Lafiage Emir Kwara state
Rijau Emir Niger state
Agaie Emir Niger state
Lapai Niger state, and among others

Sarkin Fulani Dangi muhammad Mai Zanko the son of Sarkin Fulani Dangi Muhammad (Zangina), son of Sarkin Fulani Dangi Muhammad (Dakare), son of Sarkin Fulani Dangi Yusufa (Jabbo). Leader of the ethnic group first migrated to the area in 1787

DANGI MUHAMMAD MAIZANKO’S CHILDREN

Dangi Abubakar (Toro)
Dangi Abdulkadir (Kadiri)
Dangi muhammad (Bagudu)
Ummaru Bangon Addini
Manu
Dutsin Dadi
Dangaladima Abdullah
Shawere Sule
Dangaladima Adede
Sanusi
Hendu (Hadiza)

SARKIN FULANI DANGI ABUBAKAR’S (TORO) CHILDREN

1. Dangi Boyi 2. Karfi Mu’azu 3. Magaji Yaro 4. Ibrahim 5. Mukaddis 6. Kunbu 7. Dije 8. Ade (sa’adatu) 9.Laure 10. Karfi Bello 11. Dan’Ali Dabo 12. Dan Ali Sarki
   DANGI KADIRI’S CHILDREN
2. Garangamawa Amadu 2. Yanshantuna Tukur 3. Mamman Kunkyal 4. Isah uban Dan Lare 5. Izima 6. Atiku 7. Mai kuge 8. Malam Dogo 9. Iliyasun Maje 10. Alje 11. Dari 12. Usaini 13. Daya 14. Bilki 15. Hassana 16. Dala 17. Hauwa 18. Dije 19. Kadi 20. Gwamma

SARKIN FULANI DANGI MUHAMMAD’S (BAGUDU) WIVES
Aishatu
Amina
Ci-goro
Hadiza
Hauwa
Hauwa’u
Juma (Amina)
Ladi
Maimuna
Safiya
Shekara (Safiya)
Yarbaiwa (Hassatu)
Zumuntau
SARKIN FULANI DANGI MUHAMMAD’S (BAGUDU) CHILDREN

Aisha (a’i) Malam Kadiri Haj. Hashe
Turaki Musa Sani Lare
Sa’adatu Alh. Isah Gidado
Halima Hamza Sa’adatu
Magaji Mai-kwari Amadu Baba Yaro Balaraba
Jabe Kasimu Yarinye
Bilki Yahya Iro (Ibrahim)
Abu Saude Halima
Nana (Hendu) Tanimu Mamman
Aisha Kado
Ma Inna Iliye
Maigarin Jiba Tsallah
Dabo Mamman Na-Daso
Kande Hassana
Audu Yashi Yar Sarki
Mai Gandi Daso
Ibrahim Hussaina
Lawal Haruna Mai Unguwa
Bakori Salihu Alh. malam Sada
Yabbai Isma’il
Fatsima Rakiya
A’i Ishiye
Usaina yar yaye Alh. Saddiku
Hajiya ‘Abu Usaina
Hassatu Hassana
Hayatu Ummaru Zaria
Salame A’ishatu
Dan Taro Hajjara
Nuhu Ummah

BAGUDU’S SLAVES

Meye Ruwanka f
Wanbai m
Wanbai Na gimsau m
Surubu m
32Rabo m
Bawa Dan Kuba m
Yado f
Danjuma m
Ummah Anu f
Bagobiri m
Yar Gunduwa f
Abinda f
Delun Abinda f
Danbarno m
Moli m
Dan Bagarmi m
Na-kaka m
Giwa f
Dogon yaro m
Talele f
Ganye m
Zatanko m
Dan Ruga

UMMARU BANGON ADDINI’S CHILDREN

Liman Muntari
Liman Mamuda
Baban Yara (Ibrahim)
Dadda’u
Zubairu
Lukman
Dayatu

MANU’S CHILDREN

Gude
Rugaggyada
Amina (Inna Bajo)
Malam Sule
Fatsima
Alh. Abubakar Garbu
Hannatu
Yalwa
Musa Na-yalwa
Bilki
Salmanu
Kadi
Umbo
Iro
Yarinye
Abu Ta Fafu

DUTSIN DADI’S CHILDREN

Dan Galadima Mamman Malam Sani Mara
Bello Sanusi Mara
Na Bello wakilin mara Fatima (Binta)
Mu’azu Hashiya
Muntari makaho Bilkisu
Amina Ta Dogon Ruwa Surajo
Abdullahi Mai Kano Halima (Yar Dada)
Hassan Babba Husaini
Audu Na Hashe Zainab
Malam Suleman Dano Ramatu
Mustafa Mara Hassan
Atiku Na Bello
Isah Tela
Mamman Na Mune
Sa’adatu (Delu)
Haj. Baraka

DAN GALADIMA ABDULLAH’S CHILDREN

Dan Galadima Akilu
Batu
Chimari
Mamman Wan Dawa
Usaina
Bello
Tine Mai Wayau
Adige
Gambo
Boyi
SANUSI’S CHILDREN

Asiya
Magajin Dan Alkima
SHAWERE SULE’S CHILDREN
Iro (ibrahim)

LIST OF DANGAWA RULERS WITHIN YANTUMAKI FROM 1787 TO DATE

s/n NAMES TITTLE DATE
1 Sarkin Fulani Dangi Yusufa District head 1787-1799
2 Sarkin Fulani Dangi Dauda District head 1799-1818
3 Sarkin Fulani Dangi Dakare District head 1818-1826
4 Sarkin Fulani Dangi Abubakar Abuba District head 1826-1843
5 Sarkin Fulani Dangi Zangina District head 1843-1857
6 Sarkin Fulani Dangi Maizanko District head 1857-1890
7 Sarkin Fulani Dangi Abubakar (Toro) District head 1890-1915
8 Sarkin Fulani Dangi Abdulkadir District head 1915-1918
9 Sarkin Fulani Dangi Muhammad (Bagudu) District head 1918-1929
10 Sarkin Fulani Dangi Boyi District head 1929-1954
11 Sarkin Fulani Dangi Abashe District head 1954-1992
12 Sarkin Fulani Dangi Atiku Maidabino District head 1991-2008
13 Sarkin Fulani Dangi Abubakar Atiku District head 2008 to date
14 Dangi Abubakar village head 1992 to date
15 Yariman Yar Danko village head village head 2005 to date
16 Galadiman Dungaza Usman Abbas Dangi village head
17 Galadiman Dungaza Alh. Surajo village head 2005 to date

SOURCES;
NCE/DLS 2000, course book on Islamic Religious Studies cycle 1, NTI.
Hajiya Hashiya Muhammad Bagudu (Hashe), 2007
Kilishin Dangi ( Lare), 2007
Musbahu Ibrahim, 2002
Zubairu Umar, 2014, village head Yar danko
Galadiman Dungaza village head Alhaji Surajo 2014
Abdullahi Abubakar (Garbu), 2014
Mustafa Musa Mara 2014

COMPILED BY;
Nasir Umar Yantumaki, (2014), student Umaru Musa Yar’adua University Katsina Department of Education